Background

Epidemiological studies have established the association between excessive alcohol consumption and hypertension (HTN). However, there are conflicting reports of the association of mild to moderate alcohol consumption with HTN.

Methods

We studied 17059 participants (mean age = 46 yrs, 53% women) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Alcohol consumption was ascertained via questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP) was measured during the in-home interview and a mobile examination center. We used multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, income, and cardiovascular risk factors to examine cross-sectional associations of alcohol consumption and BP categories using the 2017 ACC/AHA High BP guidelines.

Results

Compared with never drinkers, moderate drinkers (7-13 drinks/week) had increased odds of prevalent Stage 1 and 2 HTN [Odds Ratio (OR) 95% CI: 1.53 (1.23-1.90) and 2.02 (1.52-2.69), respectively]. Among heavy drinkers (≥14 drinks/week) the odds of stage 1 or 2 HTN were also significantly elevated [OR (95% CI): 1.69 (1.36-2.11) and 2.41(1.83-3.16)] (Table).

Conclusion

This analysis from a large, nationally (US) representative population-based survey showed a significant association between moderate alcohol consumption and prevalence of hypertension. These data may help guide further research, public health education and policy initiatives focused on the health consequences of moderate alcohol consumption.

Footnotes